From Ali Bin Abi Talib to the Modern World: Ethical Governance in the U.S.–Iran Conflict

The letter to Mālik al‑Ashtar reminds us that governance is not only about power but about responsibility. It challenges nations—ancient or modern—to act with integrity, restraint, and foresight. And it suggests that lasting peace requires more than negotiations; it requires a commitment to principles that transcend politics.